Self-gated 4D whole-heart imaging

Background Suppressing cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts are major challenges in cardiac MRI. The conventional methods of ECG and diaphragm navigator gating require tedious setup, reduce the imaging efficiency significantly, are susceptible to drifts in heart rate or respiratory pattern, and can be unreliable at higher field strengths [1]. In this work, we propose a fully self-gated 4D imaging scheme with continuous 3D radial acquisition and retrospective cardiac and respiratory motion detection to overcome these limitations.